Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Essay Example

Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use Paper In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, written by Hisaye Yamamoto, and â€Å"Everyday Use†, written by Alice Walker, the relationship between the mother and the daughter is portrayed. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, the protagonist, Rosie is an American born Japanese (Nisei) who does not understand well about the Japanese culture, whereas her Issei mother, Mrs. Hayashi was born and raised in Japan and married to America. Mrs. Hayashi loves writing haiku, a traditional Japanese poetry, to escape from the reality of her loveless marriage. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, Mama is a traditional Afro-American woman, who receives little education and raised her two daughters by doing ‘man’s job’. Dee instead influenced by the Black Power Movement, tried to trace back her African root. She learned the African culture and changed her name into Wangero. This essay hopes to explore the similarities and differences of the mother-daughter relationship depicted in these two short stories, which is Rosie and Mrs. Hayashi, and Dee and Mama respectively. To start with, one of the similarities is that there is alienation in the two pairs due to cultural differences. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie represents the American culture and Mrs. Hayashi represents the Japanese culture. Rosie was born and raised in America and English is her mother language; whereas her mother, Mrs. Hayashi ‘had even less English, no French’ as her mother tongue is Japanese. She came to America as a picture bride to deveop a loveless marriage with Rosie’s father and her Japanese culture is deep-rooted. She loves to write haiku, which Rosie fails to understand it. She thinks â€Å"English lay ready on the tongue but Japanese had to be searched for and examined. Due to their difference in cultural background, Rosie finds it difficult to communicate with her mother. She has to ‘pretended to understand the haiku thoroughly and appreciate it no end’ when her mother reads her the haiku she wrote. Therefore, she turns out communicating less with her mother and fakes her mother by â€Å"saying yes yes, even when one meant no, no. â €  This can be seen when Mrs. Hayashi asks Rosie to comment on the haiku she writes, and Rosie replies in a perfunctory way. There is deception from Rosie to Mrs. Hayashi as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mother-Daughter Relationship in Seventeen Syllables and Everyday Use specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Similarly, there is also alienation between the mother and the daughter, Mama and Dee in â€Å"Everyday Use† due to cultural differences. Mama represents a normal woman in the Afro-American culture; whereas Dee denies her original culture of an Afro- American and learns the African culture due to Black Power Movement. Mama, as a Black American, lives in the rural South of the States and receives little education only. Mama is strong and does quilting at home. Dee, on the other hand, adapts an African culture which she learns from books and her peers. However, this African culture is vague and superficial. This can be seen when she changes her name from Dee to Wangero because she â€Å"couldn’t bear to be named after the people who oppress [her]†, but ‘Wangero’ in fact is a mispelt name of an African language. Due to their differences in cultural beliefs, they have different views and perspectives on things and heritages like quilts and churn. Mama thinks that according to tradition, churn and quilts are for everyday and practical use. But to Wangero, quilts are in fact dead object and should be appreciated as an art work. Their different view on things lead to alienation between the mother and the daughter. Another similarity is that this inter-generational difference both leads to isolation and difficulty in understanding each other in the two stories. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie, as an Americanized girl, lacks interest in learning and understanding haiku or Japanese culture as a whole. Even when she goes over to see the Hayano family, she and the four sisters discusses the new coat in English and lacks the Japanese manners which is deep-seeded in the Japanese culture. This difference in lifestyle and habits cause her hard to communicate with her traditional Japanese mother. The conflict between Rosie and Mrs. Hayashi mirrors the conflicts between the Issei and Nisei. The Nisei generation, who knows â€Å"formal Japanese by fits and starts†, has totally no interest on the traditional Japanese culture. However, the Issei generation sticks to their original culture and even starts magazines to trace back their life in Japan. As a result, the two generations, the Issei, Mrs. Hayashi and the Nisei, Rosie find it difficult to understand each other. It results in the isolation of the two generation. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, there is also isolation and oppression between the mother-daughter relationship of Mama and Dee. After Dee grows up and receives education, it makes her differ from the rest of the family who only stays in the sub-urban area and receives less or no education. She is exposed to the values of the new world with civil rights and equality, which Mama has totally no idea of what they are. Dee has greater visibility and zero tolerance for equality. Also, Dee has a sense of autonomy and individuality after receiving education. These are the things that Mama has not got in touch with before. Therefore, it leads to them not understanding the action of each other. For example, Dee wants to use the churn top and quilts as artistic uses and she do not understand why they are â€Å"backward enough to put them to everyday use†. Mama however sees the churn top as a kind of heritage which has been used for generation. It is the most appropriated to use it practically. Their difference in interpretation and knowledge of civil rights make Dee isolated herself from Mama and the family. It also leads to difficulty in understanding of another person’s acts. Although there are similarities regarding the mother-daughter relationship in the two set stories, there are also some differences in their relationship. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, Rosie, the Nisei daughter falls victim to the mother’s experience. At that time, Rosie is struggling whether she should accept the love from Jesus or not. When Jesus kisses her, she â€Å"fell for the entirely victim to a helplessness delectable beyond speech†. However, toward the end of the story, her mother reveals her past experience to Rosie. Although Rosie do not want to know the truth which â€Å"would combine with the other violence of the hot afternoon to level her life to the very ground†, Mrs. Hayashi still tells Rosie the story about her and her young lover. She asks Rosie to promise her not to get marry as well as she do not want her daughter to face the same destiny. Rosie is in the dilemma of whether to reject Jesus and follows her mother’s word, or still follows her heart to tell Jesus how she feels. From this, we can see that the daughter falls victim to the mother’s past of whether starting a relationship or not. However, in â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is the mother, Mama who falls victim to the daughter, Dee’s experience instead. Dee, after receiving education, starts to use her knowledge to dominate the family. She gets in touch with others through schooling and education, which Maggie and Mama do not have the chance to do so. However, Mama actually thinks that these new ideas and knowledge that she has never known cause them fear and intimidation instead. It is described by Mama that Dee â€Å"washed us in a river of make-believe and burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know†. Mama even thinks that they are â€Å"trapped† underneath Dee’s voice when she told them the things she learned in school. Dee uses her intellect to intimidate others, such as greeting her mother with a language Mama do not speak. These knowledge has even posted a threat to the simple world Mama and Maggie is living and separated Dee from her family. This divisive power of education leads to her mother falls victim to Dee’s experience. To conclude, there are similarities and differences in the mother-daughter relationship in â€Å"Seventeen Syllables† and â€Å"Everyday Use†. The two pairs, Mama and Dee, and Mrs. Hayashi and Rosie, are both alienated and lack of understanding of each other due to cultural and inter-generational differences. However, the victims in these two relationships are different. In â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†, the daughter struggles from the mother’s experiences; but in â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is the mother instead who struggles from the knowledge the daughter forces to her which she thinks is unnecessary and hard to understand.

Did the Depression Change the Class Relationships essays

Did the Depression Change the Class Relationships essays What is evident is that one of the main effects of the Depression was a change in the structure of some families. Why do we live like this a child would wonder. Things used to be better. Were not even clean anymore (McIlvain 381). Of course, these were not merely blue collar families now seeking some sort of relief. Relief of course was a sort of government subsidy but it did little, if anything, to improve the emotional impact of joblessness and near-hopelessness. Being on relief stigmatized an entire family but especially the father (379). With millions of men out of work, employed women suffered as well, although, according to McIlvains quote of John Steinbeck Woman can change bettern a man(379). Man, of course, was always perceived as the familys provider and now this was nearly impossible. Marriages were now at a low point, because it made no sense to marry and raise a family when the job prospects looked so bleak. Until some New Deal legislation eased the pressure for all race s, if there were problems within the families, white-collar or blue, black people suffered a disproportionate share of the burden....A group of whites adopted the slogan No Jobs for Niggers until every white man has a job (383). If the New Deal accomplished anything it was the beginning of what would culminate in the Civil Rights laws of the 1960s but at the same time, the New Deal laws tended to favor the working class, and maybe for that reason we continue to see the wealthy Americans favor the Republican Party. ...

Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response Paper - Essay Example The author’s mastery of English composition is facilitated only when he is able â€Å"to create an English self, and be that self†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Shen, 95). This involves: exchanging the Chinese Marxist philosophy of collective materialism for English idealism and individuality; discarding the circuitous Chinese pattern of approaching a topic in favor of the direct English ‘topic sentence;’ avoiding Chinese pictorial descriptions instead of English verbal descriptions. This concept of adopting an identity in effective writing also forms the crux of Barbara Mellix’s essay, â€Å"From Outside, In.† Mellix’s essay, â€Å"From Outside, In,† explores her evolution as a writer in terms of an African-American who speaks ‘Black English.’ She effectively relates the complexities that arise from speaking what are essentially two different languages: ‘Black English,’ and ‘Standard English.’ While the former is her own language, which â€Å"bubbled in our throats and rolled across our tongues, a balming† (Mellix, 76), the latter is the â€Å"language of others† (Mellix, 81). Standard English is reserved for special occasions and for formal writing. Learning to speak fluent Standard English is relatively easy for Mellix, but her writing continues to remain mechanical. As she struggles to become proficient in the written language, she is constrained by the difficulty of composing in Standard English: â€Å"I couldn’t think and feel genuinely in that language† (Mellix, 80). Her ultimate mastery of English composition comes about only when she learns to overcome her self-consciousness as a speaker of Black English, and convince herself to confidently assume a rightful place in the culture of Standard English. Fan Shen and Barbara Mellix adopt new, but different, identities for effective English writing. Shen and Mellix both adopt new identities to succeed in Engl ish writing. They agree that proficiency in written English requires the writer to reconcile a dichotomy in identity and â€Å"to assume a culture† (Mellix, 84). Shen must change his ‘Chinese identity’ for an ‘English identity,’ while Mellix must learn to ignore her identity as an African-American who speaks a black vernacular. Both of them must learn to be comfortable in the identities they assume for writing English. Shen’s assumption of his ‘English identity’ requires him to assume individuality, and a direct approach to a topic, while Mellix must learn â€Å"to shut out my black English† (81). Shen and Mellix create new identities and balance them with the old. Both of them accept this new identity as an enriching addition to their personalities. Shen welcomes the change which â€Å"has added a new dimension to me and to my view of the world† (101), while Mellix rejoices in the new ability to discover previously unknown aspects of herself. While Shen and Mellix share the experience of assuming new identities as writers, their concepts of identity differ. Shen’s new identity differs from that of Mellix. Shen keeps his Chinese and English identities distinct and separate, but Mellix blends her old and new selves. For Shen, the

Alternative Ways of Serving Arrest Warrants Assignment

Alternative Ways of Serving Arrest Warrants - Assignment Example Many occurrences have been witnessed where such attempts to serve people with the arrest warrants has ended up causing violence, harm and death to the officers serving the warrants or to the recipients themselves. When the officers go to serve the individuals concerned with such arrest warrants, the individuals may choose to lock the offices out of their residence, so that they do not receive the warrants. The individuals can also opt to harm the officers serving them with the warrants or even harm themselves to ensure they are not arrested. Non-reception of such arrest warrants would mean that the individuals do not appear in court to answer the charges against them. Currently, many instances where individuals have attempted to block the officers from serving them with arrest warrants have been reported. Therefore, there is a need to seek for alternative ways to serve the concerned people with such warrants of arrest. In light of the above, such alternatives such as serving the arre st warrants to people through messages to their phones and E-mails should be applied. This is helpful in ensuring that the officers serving the arrest warrants do not necessarily have to go to the residence of the individuals concerned. These alternatives can save time and cost, while alleviating the risks associated with presenting the warrants to the physical address. Worth noting, however, is the fact that the courts may not recognize such methods. This limits the alternatives open, leaving only the physical presentation of the warrant as the only practical method.

Th Kurig Systm in th Offic Coff Markt Case Study

Th Kurig Systm in th Offic Coff Markt - Case Study Example Having companiÐ µs know thÐ µ fundamÐ µntal importancÐ µ of customÐ µr nÐ µÃ µds is thÐ µ most important part of thÐ µ succÐ µssful company Ð µntÐ µring thÐ µ officÐ µ coffÐ µÃ µ markÐ µt’s sÐ µrvicÐ µ stratÐ µgy, and this will dirÐ µctly add to thÐ µ futurÐ µ succÐ µss and profit. ThÐ µ kÐ µy focus of thÐ µ dynamic company in thÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µnt in tÐ µrms of Ð µstablishing a nichÐ µ in thÐ µ markÐ µting arÐ µa thÐ µsÐ µ days is oftÐ µn thÐ µ supÐ µrior Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ that customÐ µrs havÐ µ, rathÐ µr than thÐ µ supÐ µrior product or sÐ µrvicÐ µ put out by thÐ µ company. This has lÐ µd to thÐ µ thÐ µory that thÐ µ customÐ µr’s basic nÐ µÃ µds should not only bÐ µ mÐ µt, but should bÐ µ Ð µxcÐ µÃ µdÐ µd. An important part of this procÐ µss is having a sÐ µrvicÐ µ profÐ µssional who is ablÐ µ to mÐ µÃ µt and Ð µxcÐ µÃ µd thÐ µir nÐ µÃ µds by giving thÐ µm thÐ µir full attÐ µntion. b. Wha t advicÐ µ do you havÐ µ for Nick Lazaris concÐ µrning his dÐ µalings with MTS†¦ In dÐ µaling with thÐ µ k-cup filling machinÐ µ manufacturÐ µr, thÐ µ pricing goal should bÐ µ sÐ µt at a prÐ µmium lÐ µvÐ µl, so that Ð µxtÐ µrnal changÐ µs in machinÐ µ parts and othÐ µr pricÐ µs do not advÐ µrsÐ µly affÐ µct profits. ThÐ µ pricÐ µ of ingrÐ µdiÐ µnts for a coffÐ µÃ µ would bÐ µ a variablÐ µ, bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µ Ð µxtÐ µrnal markÐ µt, howÐ µvÐ µr much KÐ µurig is going to try to control thÐ µ mÐ µans of production and supply chain, is still going to show fluctuations in thÐ µ pricÐ µ of raw matÐ µrials usÐ µd to makÐ µ thÐ µ coffÐ µÃ µ, and thÐ µ machinÐ µ. ... ?r for thÐ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦ For thÐ µ brÐ µwing machinÐ µs, production vÐ µndors can also bÐ µ outsourcÐ µd, as wÐ µll, saving still morÐ µ timÐ µ, and furthÐ µring industry-widÐ µ goals of providing fastÐ µr, chÐ µapÐ µr, and bÐ µttÐ µr goods and sÐ µrvicÐ µs. In thÐ µ dynamic tÐ µchnology Ð µnvironmÐ µnt, in tÐ µrms of intÐ µrnal strÐ µngths of solution, vÐ µndor support is not complÐ µtÐ µly rÐ µlÐ µgatÐ µd to thÐ µ Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ automatÐ µd systÐ µm, and in many casÐ µs, vÐ µndors providÐ µ stratÐ µgic dirÐ µction for thÐ µ company, rathÐ µr than Ð µxÐ µcutivÐ µs. d. What actions should KÐ µurig takÐ µ to pÐ µnÐ µtratÐ µ thÐ µ officÐ µ coffÐ µÃ µ sÐ µrvicÐ µ markÐ µt†¦ KÐ µurig should rÐ µly on word of mouth to achiÐ µvÐ µ as much of a cult status in thÐ µ officÐ µ markÐ µt as possiblÐ µ. Cultic organizations usually organizÐ µ amongst thÐ µir local communitiÐ µs in ordÐ µr to garnÐ µr gÐ µnÐ µral community support, but it is important not to blamÐ µ thÐ µ cult Ð µntirÐ µly; victims may havÐ µ morÐ µ choicÐ µs than wÐ µrÐ µ prÐ µviously thought, according to nÐ µw modÐ µls of undÐ µrstanding. Community support can rangÐ µ from garnÐ µring mÐ µdia attÐ µntion to gÐ µtting morÐ µ known about thÐ µ organization through word of mouth. Leadership is also important at Keurig. But it is not just the manager’s job at the coffee and coffee machine company: if they are working as an active listener as well as communicator, they will then be able to make creative decisions based on a framework of team thinking. The basic argument of the current thinking, regarding foundational vision and mission, is for the establishment of new marketing principles that are not based on rigid rule structures, but are instead more able to dynamically respond to an ever-evolving present where the customer is the one who has the power. An overall conclusion that can be drawn from the Keur ig case

The Media Effect: Male Body Image

The Media Effect: Male Body Image Many men and women are in the midst of a fight for that perfect body depicted by the media. In the UK the average man is 5ft 9ins tall and weighs 13.2st while the average woman is 5ft 3Â ½ins tall and weighs 11st (Whitlock, 2009). Researchers investigated the perception of ideal body weight in both men and women and found 38.3% of normal weight women thought they were overweight, while for men 32.8% who were overweight thought they were about the right weight or underweight. (Christakis, 2003) Men tend to see themselves as being thinner than they actually are and have a desire to become bigger (Mintz, 1986). A study of around 1000 men found that over 50% were unhappy with their bodies. They were asked to draw their ideal body and researchers found that the body ideal was so muscular it could only be achieved by using steroids. (Croft, 2009). Some Psychologists speculated that media influences shaped peoples idea of body size by presenting thinner women and bulkier men than average. (McCreary Sadava, Vol 2(2), Jul 2001). Studies by The Eating Disorders Association shows that around 1.15 million men and women in the UK suffer from an eating disorder with 61% of women feeling fat compared to the medias image of beautiful women. (National eating disorders Association). Another worrying thought is that most fashion models are thinner than 98% of American women (Smolak, 1996).As women are constantly surrounded by such models in TV adverts, magazines, news articles amongst other things; its not surprising that they find this level of thinness the ideal. Wiseman et al conducted a study on Cultural expectations of thinness in women. They found that the body measurements of playboy models for 1979 1988 were up to 19% below the average body weight for their age group. These findings were compared to an early study between 1959 and 1978 and found that body measurements had decreased while there was a significant increase in diet and exercise articles during this period suggesting that there is a link between to the two. (Wiseman, 2006) In studies on media and body image, most of the research is directed towards women. This means that men are often forgotten. As men are increasingly characterised by their body, I aim to highlight the effect of media on them. (Henwood, 2002), says that the media presents ideals for men as well as women. patterns of consumption, life style choices and media representation of men now often focus on mens appearance and the male bodymedia advertising routinely depicts in positive ways youthful toned muscular male bodies. Psychology Today readers completed questionnaires on body image in 1993 and found The muscle-bound body build was highly rated by men, while women preferred a medium, lightly muscled build in their ideal males. (Neimark, 2009) It seems that men are influenced by the media and not by real women. The use of men in media may have a substantial effect on the way males view themselves. A muscular toned body is being used in much the same way as the thinness ideal for women. Mens Health magazine is spilt into 6 subsections compromising of Fitness, Health, Weight loss, women, nutrition and grooming. This shows that males are being made to think that their weight is not ideal and to bulk up to look like the men portrayed in the magazines. On the mens health website, there are links to a new way to sculpt your abs and build the body you want on a back ground of a super toned males torso. (Moore, 2010) Attitude is the best selling gay magazine in Britain and is also distributed worldwide. (Gilmour, 2008) In the latest issue of the magazine, Gareth Thomas, a gay rugby player, is the front cover. He has huge leg muscles, a big chest, and muscular arms, making it seem that this is what men like, and so the readers will strive to become like this. (Attitude Homepage, 2010) It has been proposed that males have become more muscular and toned in an attempt to be more masculine. Soft and rounded is traditionally seen as the female ideal, while males are the opposite. So by working abdominal muscles to achieve the much desired six pack is an attempt to hold this masculine ideal. (Henwood, 2002) Studies into male body image have begun to show that men have as much displeasure with their shape as do women. This is not just found in the UK but all over the world. Pope el al (2000) found that men from France, US and Austria chose an ideal body shape that was heavier and more muscular than them. They also believed women preferred that body shape too. Women are willing to settle for their own mates appearance, accepting extra weight, even though their ideal male is different. Males are not as worried about being overweight as women, but more troubled by muscle mass, showing our cultural ideals of men. The muscly body build was preferred by men, while women liked a medium, lightly muscled build in their ideal males. (Neimark, 2009) The old ideal of maleness has been replaced. The New York Times writer Natalie Angier says that boys of school age are now being diagnosed of hyperactivity and having learning problems just by being a typical male. So as the behavioural ideal has changed so has the ideal male body. It is more muscular but also in contradiction, quite feminine. Schwartz conducts studies in America on gay men he says that the male body clean skinnedNo longer stiff and upright but sinuous representing the feminine side. (Blashill Vander Wala, 2009) Men are now exercising more than ever with around 8.5 million having a gym membership. The American Sports Data company found that those men with memberships spend a mean of 90.8 days a year in a gym. This could be linked to males trying to become what they believe women want, judging by how the average male is portrayed in the media. The gender gap in the way the media present the body has closed. The unattainable female bodies shown now have a male equivalent, the V shaped physiques of male models everywhere in todays media. George Gerbner the founder of the Cultivation Theory, which looks at whether the media has a long term effect on audiences, such as body image, said that what we see on TV and in magazines eventually becomes our standard of reality and desire. (Seed, 2006) Schooler and Ward measured the male real body discomfort due to media consumption. They found that by watching television it made men feel uncomfortable with their bodies. People see the same images over and over and start to believe its a version of reality, if those bodies are real and thats possible, but you cant attain it, how can you not feel bad about your own body? Mens bodies are being used more often to sell products. Dolce and Gabbanas (shttp://amandagore.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/dg-ad.jpg) ad contains 4 males with the V shaped body that has become so popular today. The male modelling for Jean Paul Gaultier in the advert for aftershave has a body most men are striving to achieve. He has very muscular figure and is topless in the picture. (http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/images/Le-Male-2009-Billboard-B.jpg). Men are spending more time and money on fragrances, facial creams and hair products. By presenting males in the media this way to sell products, males may believe if they take more care with their skin and buy all this products they will achieve the look of the airbrushed models. In this sense the media is endangering mens health by promoting these images, but will not stop willingly as the beauty industry has such high revenue. The big question is whether the media and our culture are truly to blame. Jeffrey Yang from Harvard University looked at the differences in body image in men from the west (Europe and America) against men from Asian countries. He found that men in Taiwan were satisfied with their bodies and had a lower use of steroids compared to men in the West. Also, unlike in the west, there were no Taiwanese magazines for fitness or bodybuilding. (Cromie, 2005) This seems to suggest that the media are to blame as there were no pictures of super fit males in magazines promoting exercise, and fewer men used drugs to achieve the figure desired. If someone has a poor body image, they might take steps to change their body, even if it taking potentially harmful substances. Anabolic Steroids are described as being any of a group of synthetic steroids or hormones used to stimulate muscle and bone growth; sometimes used illicitly by athletes to increase their strength by steroid.com (http://www.steroid.com/drugprof.php) Anabolic steroid abuse has been associated with a lot of side effects. Examples include acne, and breast development in males, which although unsightly are not severe. However other consequences of taking steroids can be life threatening such as heart attacks due to high cholesterol levels and liver cancer (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2006). Those who inject the drug also risk getting HIV ( InfoFacts: Steroids (Anabolic-Androgenic), 2008). Is taking steroids to get a hench body worth it? The U.S. Census Bureau says there is a total population of around 301 million people. The National Centre for Education Statistics believes that of this 301 million, 16.5 million are school children between 9th and 12th grade. The Centre for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) says the percentage of students who admit to a lifetime steroid use was 4%. This means theres an estimated 660,000 students (14 to 17 years of age) whove admitted to steroid use. (ASA) Not to mention those unreported. This is a huge figure. Although this doesnt make a direct link with steroid abuse and the media, it can be inferred that these teenagers are taking steroids to get the body of the media male. Boys and men who are not happy with their body have been found to try and put weight in the form of muscle. (McReary Sasse, 2000) And steroids do this. The medias depiction of what is normal keeps getting for women and more muscular for men. Female models 25 years ago weighed only 8% less than average; currently the figures stand at around 23%. Male models are seeing similar things. In the past 25 years the media male has lost 12lb of fat but put on 27lb of muscle. (Body Image Website) With these ideal bodies represented in the media, its not surprising that males and females are turning to extreme measures to deal with their bodies. According to the ladies room, only 5% of women have the right genes to ever attain the Barbie shape. The body ideal for men is also almost unachievable, without illegal steroids and there is a limit to how much muscle a man can get naturally. (Tart, 2009) Although there is not a direct link between males body image and the media, it is implicated in many previous studies. Further research would be beneficial.

Cadbury Schweppes :: Business and Management Studies

Cadbury Schweppes Criterion 1F My chosen businesses are Cadbury Schweppes, which is a PLC COMPANY, and Formbend is my LTD company. I chose these two businesses because I love Cadburys chocolate and thought it would be interesting to study and it also has a very informative website. I chose Formbend Tube Manipulators because my Uncle is the Technical Director for the company and said that he would be able to give me all the information I need. I know that there are lots of different Cadbury sites across Britain but my main focus will be the Bournville site in Birmingham. See appendixes and . History of Cadbury John Cadbury founded Cadbury in 1824. See appendix He developed his name as a chocolate manufacturer in 1831 by creating Cadbury’s drinking chocolate. See appendix .John Cadbury’s first shop was on Bull Street in Birmingham. See appendix .Then in 1847 the business had expanded and needed bigger premises so they moved to Bridge Street, which had its own canal linking the factory to the Birmingham Navigation Canal and the main ports in Britain. John Cadbury retired in 1861 and handed the business on to his two eldest sons Richard and George. The business ran from that site for 32 years, but then expanded even more which found them moving to Bourneville. See appendix .George Cadbury spurred the idea of better living conditions in Britain, which resolved in the Bourneville homes, which now cover over 1,000 acres. Aims and Objectives Aims Cadbury’s objective is to keep up the high standards of chocolate and to continue to make a difference too many people involved in the Bourneville site. They also want to make a profit on sales and to beat other competitors such as Nestle. Cadbury’s also want to continue making good quality products so they survive and maximise sales. They also need to make sure that they are environmentally friendly and make sure that quality is kept at a very high standard. Objectives 1. To continue to lead in the area of community interest 2. To introduce new products successfully to customers 3. To continue to help fund education in a number of ways 4. To improve communication with customers to help improve the standards of chocolate 5. To have a higher quality of products than other competitors. 6. To sell a lot of the products that they have and imp[rove any that need to be improved. 7. To take part in more activities than they did last year to get a good public voice. For Cadbury to achieve these aims and objectives they must spend a lot

Biographical Sketch: Kasturba Gandhi Essay

Biographical Sketch: Kasturba Gandhi Kasturba Gandhi was a renowned figure for all of India and was always there to help Mohandas Gandhi out. Kasturba was born on April 11, 1869 to Gokuladas MakharJi, a wealthy business man. She married Mohandas Gandhi in 1882 when she was only 13 years old. At that time she could not read or write because she hadn’t had the proper schooling. Mohandas taught to both read and write and that would come in handy later when she was delivering speeches that led India to its independence. This was also a dangerous move considering the roles and places of India and the caste system. Kasturba and Mohandas had their first child right before Mohandas had to leave for a business trip so Kasturba stayed in India to tend to the child. After the first one they had three more together until in 1906 Mohandas decided to observe brahamacharya and from there on they never had sexual relations. She was very religious minded and broke many barriers in the caste system and also supported her husband in all of his political views. She also had her own view nd spoke out against working conditions in South Africa for Indians which is Just one example of her many times speaking out. She supported hygiene, discipline, reading, and writing to women and children. Kasturba suffered from chronic Bronchitis and the stress on top of that she had tremendous amount of stress during the Quit India Movements arrest also aggravated her illness. She contracted pneumonia but her husband disagreed with the use of penicillin. She died ofa major heart attack on February 22, 1944. Gandhi died in January 30, 1948 after Kasturba and he were married for 62 years

Johari Window

OB2 – Case Study on Johari Window THE CHANGE AGENT Shweta is the marketing department manager of J&K enterprises. She has noticed that her staff seems to be pulling in separate directions and some members have trouble cooperating with others. She feels team building will help her department function in a more positive and productive way. Shweta interviews several OD consultants to find the change agent she thinks will be right for what she needs. Shweta decides on Kartik, an organization development consultant that best answered the question, â€Å"How will this change agent build a group into a team? Kartik meets with Shweta to discuss the problems. Kartik and Shweta discuss the problem as Shweta sees it. They discuss specific questions to ask and data that will be collected from interviews with team members. Kartik interviews Shweta's staff and immediately a number of issues surface that appear counterproductive to effective functioning. Lack of communication is identified as the most serious problem, and many of the other major issues are a direct result of the communication breakdown.Kartik reports the general findings back to Shweta without mentioning any names. After discussing the problem and possible ways to solve it, they decided on the two-day team building retreat. The goal of the retreat is to get the group to work through the issues that are causing the biggest problems. Kartik’s idea about how to approach the retreat is: We will adopt THE GROUP MOTIVATION EXERCISE model. It is quite like looking at the positives of self ; others and not look at the negatives at all.The purpose is to build on the positives and do not discuss negatives as they already have issues against each other. Let them write the name of their ideal colleague stating the qualities because of which they admire him/her. Then they should write their own qualities on a second sheet of paper. Lastly they should make groups and discuss their observations. Using the Joh ari Window model, what do you think are the benefits Kartik’s approach? Which panes will be highlighted?

Traditional vs. Computer Based Training Essays

Traditional vs. Computer Based Training Essays Traditional vs. Computer Based Training Paper Traditional vs. Computer Based Training Paper Trailing Is situation pacific and audience dependent. It Is driven by the way It Is delivered, and the content being taught. When the decision to conduct trailing Is made, another decision must be made, and that Is how the training will be presented. Should the training be conducted in a more traditional setting using lectures, discussions, demonstrations or a combination of these; or should the training be conducted in a computer-based training environment? While both types of training teach the same thing, everyone learns differently and trainees must decide whether traditional or computer-based training methods work best for them. Traditional Training Methods Traditional methods of training can be divided into two general categories: presentation and hands-on. Presentation is quite simply training methods that present information to trainees. These methods include lectures, discussions and demonstrations and are usually more passive and less interactive. Hands-on methods include games and simulations where the trainee plays a more active role in the training by doing things such as role playing instead of Just listening. Lecture Method Lecture is the most widely used presentation form of training. It can be in print or rail form, and the oral form can be live or presented on video. In most cases all training sessions use some form of lecture and can be presented as the lecturer speaking to the group of trainees or it may take the form of a printed handout or textbook (Blanchard Thacker, 2010). Most educators or trainers learn how to teach based on their experiences as students. The teach as I was taught approach tends to turn the lecture Into a passive, one-way method of transferring Information. Lectures are generally described from the instructors point of view, and the students need for Interaction Is not addressed (Sullivan, 1996). An effective lecture Involves students through an Interactive and participatory approach using various teaching techniques which engage the students and connect them to the trainer. A variety of supporting media Is used In the training and there Is Limited note taking required. An Ineffective lecture has the trainer standing at a podium lecturing with no Interaction from the students who quickly lose interest and find it difficult to concentrate. There is no supporting meal Ana ten students are required to take extensive notes. Lectures are most effective when disseminating information quickly to a large umber of people; providing an overview of a topic or arousing interest in a topic or when presenting new information before using other media. A good lecturer will speak clearly and use pauses; structure the lecture to give clear view of the topic; and clarify key points (McGinnis, n. D. ). Lectures are not appropriate when a trainer will be presenting complex and detailed or abstract information; when dealing with information where feelings or attitudes are concerned; and when teaching high level cognitive skills. Poor lecturers have been criticized for not speaking clearly; saying too such too quickly and assuming too much knowledge (McGinnis, n. D. ). Discussion The goal of the discussion method of training is to get students to talk about the contents of the training material. In a discussion, the lecturers role becomes a facilitators role that moderates the discussion instead of lecturing, giving the students a chance to share ideas and information with each other and the class. Getting feedback and ideas from the entire class becomes a positive thing as students are more likely to Join in and add their ideas if everyone are participating. A good discussion gives the students an open-ended problem to solve, a task to complete, a Judgment to reach, a decision to make, or a list to create something that begs for closure. Asking questions is an excellent way to start a discussion as it helps the trainer determine whether the trainees understand the information correctly and help create a common understanding (Blanchard Thacker, 2010). There are several different types of questions that can be used in discussions including open-ended and closed-ended questions, overhead questions, and direct questions. An open-ended question does not require a specific response; there is no right or wrong answer. Open-ended questions encourage the trainees to participate in and contribute to the discussion using a trainees knowledge or feelings. A closed-ended question asks for specific short or one word answer which enables the trainer to assess learning. An overhead question can be open-ended or closed ended questions and are asked to the entire training class, not an individual or one person in particular. Anyone in the group can answer an overhead question making them entertaining. On the other hand, a direct question is asked to a specific trainee, usually one that is not participating in the discussion, in the hopes that they will begin to get involved with the discussion. A direct question will generally elicit information. Effective questioning and interaction are important to the success off discussion. Questioning skills include planning questions in advance, asking a variety of questions and providing positive feedback whenever possible (Sullivan, 1996). Demonstration Method The demonstration method of traditional training is a visual display of how to do something or how something works. To be most effective, a demonstration should be integrated with the lecture/discussion method (Blanchard Thacker, 2010). In an effective demonstration, the trainer breaks the demonstration into smaller parts that easily enumerators DAY ten trainees. As ten demonstration Is snow, ten trainer explains how the different parts come together and relate to each other describing what is being done. The demonstration method has a higher level of involvement than the lecture and discussion methods, thus, more learning occurs. After the demonstration is completed, the trainer could offer the trainees a chance to perform he demonstration so they might better understand the results. Hands on Methods Hands on methods of traditional training include games and simulations as well as role playing. When a trainee actively participates in an activity, they learn quicker, become more interested in the subject, and retain more information. In a game or simulation, one or more trainees are put in a realistic situation, given goals to meet, and they are left to achieve those goals however they see fit. There are various methods of games and simulations including behavior modeling, business games, ease studies, equipment simulators and in basket techniques. Behavior modeling allows trainees to observe others to discover how to do something new. Behavior modeling focuses on developing behavioral and interpersonal skills and is often used for sales training, interviewer training and safety training (Training and Development, 2007). Business games are simulations that attempt to represent the way an industry, company or unit of a company functions. Trainees are provided with information describing a situation and asked to make decisions about what to do (Blanchard Thacker, 2010). Business games are effective because they develop leadership skills and strengthen management skills. They also show trainees how their decisions impact the situation at hand. Case Studies focus on building decision making skills and assess and develop Asks. The case study method emphasizes an approach to see a particular problem rather than a solution. Their solutions are not as important as the understanding of advantages and disadvantages (Training and Development, 2007). Equipment simulators are mechanical equipment identical to that used on a trainees actual Job. Conditions used in the equipment simulator must be identical he conditions under which the trainee works as well. Equipment simulators increase the degree of reliability between the simulation and the work setting. Pilots, military officers and ship navigators are a few occupations that utilize equipment simulators. Using the in basket technique, a trainee is given information about a role they will play and then they are given and in basket of documents and materials and asked to respond to those materials in a certain amount of time. Once complete, the trainer provides feedback on what was done properly and what might need improvement. This method of training develops procedural as well as strategic knowledge and develops communication and interpersonal skills (Training and Development, 2007). Role Play In role play, each trainee is given a role to play. The trainees are given a description of the role and information pertaining to it like responsibilities, concerns and objectives. They receive a description of the problem or situation that faces them and they are asked to act out the roles by interacting with each other. Group decision making and conflict resolution are learned through role playing. Multiple ole play, giggles role play, role rotation Ana spontaneous role play are Deterrent versions of role playing. Computer -Based Training Methods Computer-based training, also known as CB is any instructional course whose primary means of delivery is a computer. It can be delivered too single computer via a software product, over the internet or through a corporate or educational intranet. CB can teach Just about any subject but has grown increasingly popular for computer related studies. CB is different from traditional training because face-to- face interaction with a human trainer is not required. CB may include many different techniques and processes including program instruction, intelligent computer-assisted instruction, intelligent tutoring systems, simulations and virtual reality. CB courseware functions as a reference tool where trainees can choose the topic they wish to train on or as set content where the trainees must take all topics and pass a test in the end. Some advantages of CB are that it is available anywhere, anytime and students move through the training at their own pace. There is no minimum class size with CB so one student or one hundred students can train and he cost will be the same. CB training can be updated quickly, especially with internet courses (Chapel,n. D. ). Another positive aspect of CB is that it appeals to adult learners. The trainee feels in control and is not embarrassed about taking lower level or remedial classes. CB improves Job performance because it trains people in specific skills for their specific Job. CB also gives trainers better control over the training activities taking place. Testing is provided at the end of training helping to match a trainee with other training that he might need. The trainer serves as the facilitator helping trainees when necessary.

Leadership about Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership about Martin Luther King - Essay Example At that period of time, there was significant discrimination in terms of the rights enjoyed by Americans and Africans in the US. The Africans were not allowed to read in the same school or eat in the same place. However, this could not deter Martin Luther King, Jr from going to segregated schools and getting the desired degrees. He also studied religion in a desegregated school. In that school, Martin Luther King, Jr learnt about many religious leaders. He respected Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi of India for his work in changing the unfair laws and liberating India from the British rule. Martin Luther King, Jr was aware of the terror and domination that the black were facing in their daily life. He was very much determined to find a way to stop racial discrimination and violence. He believed that among good and evil good will ultimately emerge victorious. In 1947, more than 150,000 black Americans were registered to vote in Georgia. The Reverend King, Sr was certain that voting might as sure Black Americans absolute freedom (Nazel 29-67). On 25th February, 1948 Martin Luther King, Jr got ordained and officially became Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Subsequently, he studied Bachelor of Arts A in religion. Through scholarship he earned the Doctorate from the Boston University. Martin Luther King, Jr got married to Coretta Scott with whom he met in the Boston University. ... By 1956, the Montgomery bus issue converted into a national concentration and King got actively involved in it. He spent most of his time away from the city to raise financial and moral support. By then, he had shown strong leadership qualities that enabled to provide a distinctive authoritarian perspective towards his views. In December 1956, court ordered integration of city buses in Montgomery. After coming out victorious in relation to the bus boycott incident, the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr was confirmed (Goethals, Burns and Sorenson 798-800). After that Martin Luther King, Jr moved to Atlanta. Six years after Montgomery Bus Boycott, King still didn’t find his way. The story of Montgomery largely contributed to the emergence of King as a leader of civil rights. However, King acted carefully. Rather than instantly seeking to stimulate mass desegregation protest in the South, King Stressed on accomplishing voting rights for Black Americans when he addressed a grou p of spectators in 1957. King got the fame he had, not without personal cost. He was a sufferer in many cases. His house was bombed in numerous occasions throughout the Montgomery boycott. One key feature of King’s leadership was his capability to gather support from numerous organizations that include labor unions, reform organizations, peace organizations and religious groups. In addition, his broad tie-up with Baptist church enabled him to get support from different churches all over the country. The appreciation King received from the people in relation to segregation and colonialism concluded in association with groups fighting outside America particularly in Africa. In March 1957, King Luther went to Ghana to attend their independence ceremony.

Leadership in an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership in an Organization - Essay Example The leadership style involves the cooperation of both the leader and their followers in making some decisions. Many leaders apply democratic leadership which is closely related to participative leadership in so far as leadership engagement and decision making are involved. There are several advantages associated with participative leadership, of which the key ones include the possibility of achieving fast growth through innovation and creativity, high motivation among followers, and ownership of the decision and work, which, in turn, leads to greater cooperation and higher chances of success The paper will discuss the participative leadership style focusing on its application, advantages and disadvantages. The paper will further discuss the effects that good and bad leaders have on their subordinates before giving recommendations. Participative Leadership Participative leadership involves working together with team members in decision making. This, however, does not mean that the lea der involves the team members in making all key decisions. Participative leadership is essential especially when creativity and complex problem solving are part of the mix. Participative leadership is founded on engagement and respect as noted by French, Israel, and As (1960). The assumption made by participative leaders is that when people are involved in decision making, they get to understand the issues involved with respect to those who have to make the decisions. Yet again, the leadership style is founded on the assumption that people are more collaborative and less competitive when they work together to achieve joint objectives. Furthermore, when individuals work together in making decisions, they have greater social commitment to one another, which essentially raises their commitments to the decisions that are made. The participative leadership style constructively focuses on exploiting the energy that resides in every human to human encounter (Martindale, 2011). The leadersh ip style may be thought of as an advanced form of democratic leadership and is associated with high effectiveness considering that it builds community, embraces diversity, and establishes shared responsibility. Yet again, the leadership style heightens personal and collective learning which often results in effective growth and development. Participatory leaders use interactions within the organization to create meaning, purpose and growth even as they transform the organization. As opposed to autocratic leadership, participative leadership involves all people in the decision making process including peers, superiors, subordinates and other stakeholders (Martindale, 2011). Given that leaders work in various environments with various demands, they engage in participative leadership at varying levels. While some leaders may be highly participative, others may be moderately or even less participative. Some of the advantages of participative leadership are as follows. Participative lead ership is essential in the motivation of employees (Stogdill, 1948). The motivation that comes with participative leadership is seen in respect of the fact that when employees are genuinely asked for advice by their superiors, they feel valued. Furthermore, when employees are involved in decision making, they feel honored and actually embrace the work that they do to a greater extent as they feel being part of it according to